Mining

Industry Solutions August 27, 2026 TechnoRF

Mining combines the two hardest radio problems at once: enclosed underground volumes that no surface antenna reaches, and atmospheres that require certified equipment. TechnoRF designs surface and underground systems, from leaky feeder galleries to fleet coordination on the surface.

From the Field

Details

Mining puts the two hardest problems in radio in the same project: coverage in enclosed underground volumes, and equipment certified for an atmosphere that can ignite.

Underground

Coverage in a tunnel: leaky feeder In long enclosed volumes — tunnels, mine galleries, underground car parks — a single antenna cannot cover the far section, because the signal attenuates rapidly against the walls. A leaky feeder is coaxial cable with slots cut at regular intervals in its outer conductor: it radiates and receives along its whole length, so coverage follows the shape of the tunnel. Two tunnel sections. Above, a single antenna: the antenna at the entrance covers only the near section and the rest of the tunnel is left without coverage. Below, a leaky feeder: cable running along the ceiling gives even coverage throughout the tunnel, with amplifiers at intervals compensating for cable loss.

No surface antenna reaches into a gallery. The signal has to be carried in by leaky feeder cable — coaxial cable slotted so that it radiates and receives along its whole length — with amplifiers at intervals to restore level as cable loss accumulates.

The design questions that matter:

  • Feed topology. Fed from both ends, a cable break degrades coverage; fed from one, everything beyond the break is lost.
  • Cable specification. Fire performance, mechanical protection and mounting away from metal structures.
  • Power and backup. Amplifiers need power that survives the event the communication is needed for.
  • Extension as the mine advances. Galleries grow. The system has to be extendable without redesign.
  • Refuge chambers. Independent communication, on a separate path from the main cable route.

Surface

The surface operation is a wide-area problem of a familiar kind: haul roads, pit benches, crushing and processing plant, workshops, stores, weighbridge and the perimeter. Terrain shields signal and the geometry changes as the pit deepens, so a design correct at commissioning needs periodic re-verification.

Fleet coordination — haul trucks, loaders, service vehicles — is usually the largest single traffic source, and separating it from safety and supervisory traffic is the first talkgroup decision.

Certification

Coal workings and any area where flammable gas or combustible dust can accumulate require ATEX or IECEx certified equipment, certified as a complete assembly including the battery. Surface areas around fuel storage, explosives magazines and dust-generating handling plant are frequently classified even where the workings are not.

The zone map comes from the mine's explosion protection assessment. TechnoRF specifies equipment against it and maintains the certified battery and spares pool that keeps the estate compliant in practice, not only on the day it was purchased.

Safety

  • Personnel location by zone, for evacuation roll-call — readers at intersections and access points
  • Man-down and lone worker alarms with acknowledgement
  • Emergency call with priority over routine fleet traffic
  • Independent refuge chamber communication
  • Fire-resistant cabling with separated routes for critical paths

Underground personnel tracking should be specified at zone resolution and evaluated on what a supplier can demonstrate in galleries like yours. Claims of metre-level underground positioning deserve scepticism.

Service

Mines are hard on equipment: dust, water, vibration, impact and chemical exposure. Battery life shortens, seals fail, cable and connectors take damage. A workable service model has a stocked spares pool on site, a scheduled inspection routine, and coverage re-verification as the workings extend.

See support services or get in touch.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is communication achieved underground?

By carrying the signal in. A leaky feeder cable runs the length of the galleries, radiating and receiving along its whole length with amplifiers at intervals to offset cable loss. Surface antennas do not reach underground at any practical power, so the cable and its power supply are the system rather than an accessory to it.

What happens to the system after a collapse or a fire?

That is what the design has to answer in advance. A cable fed from one end only loses everything beyond a break; fed from both ends it degrades instead. Refuge chambers need independent communication, cabling needs fire-resistant specification and route separation, and there needs to be a defined fallback for personnel beyond a damaged section.

Do all mines need ATEX equipment?

Coal mines and any workings where flammable gas or combustible dust can accumulate, yes — and the classification comes from the mine’s own explosion protection assessment, not from the equipment supplier. Many metal and aggregate operations are not classified underground but still have classified surface areas around fuel and explosives storage.

Can we track personnel underground?

Yes, at zone resolution rather than metre precision. Readers placed at gallery intersections and access points record which zone a tag was last seen in, which is what an evacuation roll-call actually needs. Systems promising precise underground positioning should be examined closely against what they can demonstrate in your galleries.

Author

TechnoRF

Hytera Distributor and Authorised Technical Service in Turkey

TechnoRF supplies, installs, programmes and maintains professional radio systems for corporate and public sector organisations across Turkey.

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